The article in question is about education on Québec.
The article is, but the labour market doesn't exist in a vacuum. It's not like some sci-fi program where you are born to be a teacher and can never be anything else. People can do whatever work they want. And it's not like teaching is going to be exactly high on anyone's list, so when there are other vacancies to fill...
but I’m bogged down with quarterly data, nothing annual.
Then just average the quarters. Good enough. Problem solved.
I’m pretty sure people innovate, not capital.
Going back to digitization, to use an as example, it is a computer that provides that digitization. The computer is what reaps the rewards. More specifically, the benefactor of the computer. And, indeed, those who have innovated in the computer space have become filthy rich. If you look at the world rich-list, the vast majority of them are there because of their contributions to computing.
So, yes, that is quite right. If one choses to innovate, they can become a benefactor of the capital. Again, that is why university was once promised to provide higher incomes, as it was believed that people would go there to use its facilities to innovate and then attach themselves to the capital that came out of that innovation. Of course, we know how that turned out...
output ratio should still be trending towards needing fewer workers over time.
No, it should be (and is) trending the other way. Capital may relax the need for people in certain existing roles, but it also opens new opportunities. Why do you think women didn't enter the workplace in any meaningful numbers until automation arrived? That is not a coincidence. That automation created a need for them.