Are any of these even used outside the US except Queen?

There's an old joke about that to piss off Texans. If Alaska was split in half, Texas would be the third largest state.

With the character pictured crying in the foetal position haha.

In metric land we simply state the size of the mattress. I've got a 160cm wide and 220cm long bed, for example.

Length is typically 200cm, but sometimes I encounter 190cm beds in hotels (which are too short for me, as I'm 1,92m tall). 220cm beds are extra long (and mine was 200x220 before I cut the aluminum profiles to reduce it to 160x220 after I divorced)

Note how we also measure humans in meters and beds in centimeters, but it's just a matter of a decimal point/comma.

Yup, the one listed as "Alaska king" is actually an "XL family bed". It's two California kings wide.