Yes, it is casually connected. Child labor causes time that would spent learning to instead be spent related to labor and recovering from labor. This in turn causes reduced academic performance, increasing the likelihood of poverty, which in turn causes increase in criminal behavior.
Ah, you meant in the long run, yeah, fair.
I agree that labor by minors is should only be allowed in very specific cases and highly regulated. I'm not sure if I'd limit entirely to non-profit organizations, or entirely to the summer, or whatever, but yeah, it's not something to take lightly.
Growing up in suburbia, the labor we did have wasn't a problem... Is the general regulatory scheme around child labor in the US deeply problematic in some way I don't know about? Are there a lot of states that are way too permissive?