Dismissing the holocaust as an "out-dated example" is actually a crime in some places, for good reasons.
In case you're asking in earnest, I can assure you that the technical risks are much bigger today than they were in the past, in most of the world. Exfiltration by third parties, illegal sales, and one-sided terms-of-use are big issues today.
The government certainly can give me a centralized ID and not cause any problems. But for those who think it'll automatically be fine - it's worth reading some history.
Some countries have the necessary culture and laws to make a centralized government tracked ID reasonably safe. Many do not.
We would each be wise to stay aware of which we reside in.