The whole point with voting at least in a civic context is that your vote isn't tied to you, ie. nobody can actually tell who you voted for; they need to know that each vote is valid but not who cast each vote. You do need to have ID (or whatever the process is in your specific country) to be able to vote, but at least here the foldable piece of paper you actually put your candidate's number in has absolutely no identifying information on it, it just gets stamped by an election official when you go to put it in the ballot box.