You go to install the debian live install on another usb and point installation to the desired usb? I think that should do it and you will have a persistent debian install.
If you are planning to use this for the long term there maybe a few better options, because the usb will die very quickly if you use it to run your os.
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Use an external ssd, you can get a case for m.2 ssd use that with a m.2 ssd. They are the most compact after a usb drive.
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Use external HDD, while slower it's also an option.
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WSL? This is something.
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Assuming by drivers you mean drive, backup all data on your drive, format drive, ensure drive no longer encrypted, install windows and Linux.