Competitive programming.

Usually multiple algorithmic problems that are released to public at the same time and the fastest people to submit a correct solution get more points.

A fun one I still like to participate in is advent of code, which is a yearly christmas themed one with two problems released a day during advent.

If you want to seriously compete in competitive programming, you need to learn and memorize different problem types and the solutions to those. A bit like you start learning patterns in chess.

For practicing, the CSES Problem Set is a gold mine for practice problems. Theres also a list of competitive programming books on the site.