My old man has a bunch of .dox stuff saved. He has complicated large files saved that are not supported by any of the FOSS conversion tools. I've tried Libre office, Abi Word, and every command line tool and converter I can find. These are entire book sized files.
I have a W10 machine with Word. Is extracting the .exe and running it with wine feasible without making an epic mess or massive project of this?
Assuming you meant ".docx files", those should open without issue in LibreOffice. As others have said, OnlyOffice is another popular option if format preservation is a goal.
What do you mean when you say the files are "not supported" by the tools you've tried? What, exactly, is happening and what are you trying to accomplish? The end goal wasn't clear to me from your post.
Getting Word to run under wine will require much more effort than copying the Word binary.