Batteries are heavy and expensive. A wired power source is so much more efficient for rail it’s barely worth discussing.

The best use of a battery on a train is a small one to handle junctions. You disconnect from the wire at the end of one set, go through the junction, and then reconnect at the other side. Saves a lot of ugly spaghetti wiring.

Otherwise, no, just use wires.

That would mean that instead of an engine, you're lugging around a battery pack, which is just as heavy while giving you a fraction of the range of an engine. Not to forget that battery cells have only a finite lifespan.

Meanwhile, OHLE gives you infinite range and room for major weight savings. Plus you can keep running the same power system for decades.

Battery and hydrogen-powered trains exist, they're mainly used on less frequented lines because it would be more expensive to electrify them.