Terraforming Mars is great. A lot more going on than with Catan, but it does have aspects of the same sort of tile/game piece placement. Aspects of engine building, drafting (optional), deck building, and resource management too.

Usually its a 1.5-3hr play through, depending on how experienced the players are and how many people are playing (1-5).

One big plus over Catan is it plays well with just 2 people.