Urban planning and land allocation are required for resolving which group may use which land, and which usage is permitted.

Otherwise, conflict would be intractable, and exchange and transportation would be dysfunctional.

If land is managed cooperatively, then once a group is allocated use of land, it may proceed with use, but the public still holds an interest in broader supervision, and in cases of revised planning or observed mismanagement, reallocation may be warranted.