Multiple reports on Apple's community forums and open-source projects describe symptoms that match this bug precisely:

• Apple Community #250867747: macOS Catalina — "New TCP connections can not establish." New connections enter SYN_SENT then immediately close. Existing connections unaffected. Only a reboot fixes it.
• Apple Community #252991075: "Mac Pro TCP/IP stops working." TCP completely fails, but ping (ICMP) works normally.
• Podman issue #12495: "podman machine network connectivity stalls after some uptime" on macOS 12. The VM running on macOS shows outbound TCP failure with ICMP still functional, occurring after running for multiple weeks.