Ah, did you look at the second link?

It is somewhat more difficult to understand the “chromosome tangling hypothesis.” We recently found that asbestos fibers including crocidolite are actively taken up by several different kinds of cultured cells. Furthermore, those fibers enter both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In this situation, asbestos fibers may tangle with chromosomes when cells divide. Whether there is a specificity of tangling for any chromosomal region is the next question to be addressed.

Which comes with this image:

Granted there isn't a lot of experimental evidence for this (that I can find, anyway), but it makes sense that tiny little silicate needles that get absorbed by the nucleus interfere with the chromosomes both mechanically and chemically.

I also found this:

A normal (A) and an abnormal (B) anaphase from asbestos-treated Syrian hamster embryo cells. Note the asbestos fibers (arrows), some of which appear to be associated with displaced chromosomes (arrowheads) in the abnormal anaphase. Reproduced from Hesterberg and Barrett (42) with permission.

Asbestos fibers are observed in the mitotic cells and appear, in some cases, to interact directly with the chromosomes. From these studies we propose that the physical interaction of asbestos fibers with the chromosomes or structural proteins of the spindle apparatus causes missegregation of chromosomes during mitosis, resulting in aneuploidy.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-normal-A-and-an-abnormal-B-anaphase-from-asbestos-treated-Syrian-hamster-embryo_fig1_20488222

No it doesn't. The study that claims that had methodology designed to produce Dihydroacetone.

Two of the vapes they used were the old CE4 style clearomizers with coils that had a max wattage rating of 6W, which was their starting wattage.

The third vape was an obsolete but more modern style tank, and the only way they were able to get the GC/MS to detect it was to dope the sample with Dihydroacetone. Considering that all 4 wattages produced roughly the same levels and that those levels were 0.01-0.08ng, or 10x less than the clearomizers, it effectively means the results were negligible.

The average temperature for a nicotine vape is 400-450F, which is not high enough to break glycerin down into DHA.

Same goes for the formaldehyde study where they fired the same carts at nearly 2x the normal voltage for 90 seconds with almost no airflow.

O... K...

I don't think the distinction is relevant... Either way we're talking about particulates that are small and light enough to be airborne, be breathed into the lungs, and to interact with lung tissue such that some of the chemicals are absorbed into the bloodstream (which is how you get the drugs from the vape into your body).