But a more expensive phone will last you longer until it gets completely outdated because of its' performance, therefore you replace it less often and generate less e-waste.

I know that person said Apple (6-7 years of software updates!) is out of the question, but nearly all higher-end Androids get good custom ROM support and can be kept running for years after the OEM stops supporting it.

For just under $200 (in my country anyway - we have 20% sales tax, you might get something better in the US for the same money) I can get a Galaxy A14 with a Mediatek MT6769, a SoC built on an ancient 12nm node, which might be cheap, but will have much less performance per watt than a 7 or 8 series Snapdragon on a 4nm node.