this post was submitted on 10 Dec 2025

1072 points (98.2% liked)

linuxmemes

linuxmemes@lemmy.world

32,399 readers

7,751 active

561 users here now

Hint: :q!

Sister communities:

Community rules (click to expand)

1. Follow the site-wide rules

Instance-wide TOS: https://legal.lemmy.world/tos/
Lemmy code of conduct: https://join-lemmy.org/docs/code_of_conduct.html

2. Be civil

Understand the difference between a joke and an insult.

Do not harrass or attack users for any reason. This includes using blanket terms, like "every user of thing".

Don't get baited into back-and-forth insults. We are not animals.

Leave remarks of "peasantry" to the PCMR community. If you dislike an OS/service/application, attack the thing you dislike, not the individuals who use it. Some people may not have a choice.

Bigotry of any kind will not be tolerated. This is an LGBTQ+-friendly community -- if that is a problem for you, you should leave.

3. Post Linux-related content

Including Unix and BSD.

Non-Linux content is acceptable as long as it makes a reference to Linux. For example, the poorly made mockery of sudo in Windows.

No porn, no politics, no trolling or ragebaiting.

Don't come looking for advice, this is not the right community.

4. No recent reposts

Everybody uses Arch btw, can't quit Vim, <loves / tolerates / hates> systemd, and wants to interject for a moment. You can stop now.

5. 🇬🇧 Language/язык/Sprache

This is primarily an English-speaking community. 🇬🇧🇦🇺🇺🇸

Comments written in other languages are allowed.

The substance of a post should be comprehensible for people who only speak English.

Titles and post bodies written in other languages will be allowed, but only as long as the above rule is observed.

6. (NEW!) Regarding public figures

We all have our opinions, and certain public figures can be divisive. Keep in mind that this is a community for memes and light-hearted fun, not for airing grievances or leveling accusations.

Keep discussions polite and free of disparagement.

We are never in possession of all of the facts. Defamatory comments will not be tolerated.

Discussions that get too heated will be locked and offending comments removed.

Please report posts and comments that break these rules!

Important: never execute code or follow advice that you don't understand or can't verify, especially here. The word of the day is credibility. This is a meme community -- even the most helpful comments might just be shitposts that can damage your system. Be aware, be smart, don't remove France.

founded 3 years ago

moderators

poopsmith@lemmy.world

zephyr@lemmy.world

rtxn@lemmy.world

Command line tip of the day (lemmy.world)

submitted 8 months ago by yesman@lemmy.world to c/linuxmemes@lemmy.world

160 comments fedilink hide all child comments

you are viewing a single comment's thread
view the rest of the comments

[–] Nomad@infosec.pub 248 points 8 months ago (8 children)

Debian admin here. Even Debian gets regular kernel upgrades that like a reboot afterwards. Security updates are more important than uptime. Also regular testing for clean recovery after a reboot is a must so a power outrage doesn't bring any new surprises with it. Also test your backup restores regularly.

hideshow 16 child comments

[–] Zeroc00l@sh.itjust.works 37 points 8 months ago (5 children)

Novice homelaber here, is this just a case of apt update & upgrade or is there different commands for security and kernel updates? Also what’s your preferred backup/restore software? Thanks!

parent

hideshow 10 child comments

[–] Ghoelian@piefed.social 30 points 8 months ago (3 children)

Nope it's just apt update & upgrade. Iirc apt tells you when the kernel was updated and needs a reboot as well.

parent

hideshow 6 child comments

[–] ozymandias117@lemmy.world 6 points 8 months ago

Only if you installed the package needrestart

parent

[–] ryannathans@aussie.zone 4 points 8 months ago (1 child)

full-upgrade probably a better pick

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] Ghoelian@piefed.social 1 point 8 months ago (1 child)

Is it? Afaik that also removes incompatible packages so if you've installed some custom stuff that might not be the best option.

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] ryannathans@aussie.zone 1 point 8 months ago

You should be reading the proposed changes before pushing yes. But regardless you can get stuck upgrading if you use only "upgrade" when dependences intentionally incompatibly change by package maintainers

parent

[–] littleomid@feddit.org 4 points 8 months ago

Not if you use Proxmox! One has to be careful.

parent

[–] JackbyDev@programming.dev 21 points 8 months ago (3 children)

I think you can do apt upgrade --update now.

parent

hideshow 6 child comments

[–] JargonWagon@lemmy.world 6 points 8 months ago* (3 children)

WHAT. Does this do both sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade?

parent

hideshow 6 child comments

[–] cypherpunks@lemmy.ml 5 points 8 months ago (1 child)

see also --autoremove

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] JargonWagon@lemmy.world 1 point 8 months ago* (1 child)

Your note is very interesting about the difference between the commands and how autoremove will automatically remove stuff before or after the upgrade is performed. Should it always be done after, or are there instances when running it before is more beneficial? Is there any need to do both like this:

# sudo apt --update --autoremove upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] cypherpunks@lemmy.ml 2 points 8 months ago

I can't really imagine a benefit to --autoremove except for keeping old packages a bit longer before removing them.

Eg, if you run apt --update --autoremove upgrade -y once a day you'll keep your prior-to-currently-running-version kernel packages a day longer than if you ran autoremove immediately after each upgrade.

To make things more confusing: the new-ish apt full-upgrade command seems to remove most of what apt autoremove wants to... but not quite everything. 🤷

parent

[–] JackbyDev@programming.dev 4 points 8 months ago

I think so. I read it a few months back, but I don't use any apt based systems to check on.

parent

[–] TerraRoot@sh.itjust.works 1 point 8 months ago

Yup

parent

[–] TerraRoot@sh.itjust.works 4 points 8 months ago* (last edited 8 months ago) (1 child)

'apt upgrade -U'

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] jcr@jlai.lu 2 points 8 months ago (1 child)

Incredible that it's not written everywhere, I always wanted to use something like this without the " update && upgrade" which looks like is not working oftentimes

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] TerraRoot@sh.itjust.works 2 points 8 months ago (1 child)

Is it really not written? I saw apt upgrade --update and knew the standard shortcut would be -u, but that didn't work so I tried -U, bingo bongo off I went.

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] jcr@jlai.lu 1 point 8 months ago

It am quite sure in the manual, but if you just look on the interwebz tutorials every command line just writes the full shebang. So you don't look up the manual and get flabbergasted when you see this post. btw: if you are able to guess "what the standard shortcut would be", you are a wizard Harry 🥳

parent

[–] Strider@lemmy.world 3 points 8 months ago

🤯

parent

[–] zr0@lemmy.dbzer0.com 13 points 8 months ago* (last edited 8 months ago) (2 children)

restic (thanks @Xylight@lemdro.id )

backrest (restic with WebUI)

parent

hideshow 4 child comments

[–] Xylight@lemdro.id 10 points 8 months ago (2 children)

Also worth checking out restic. It's more command line oriented and is generally stateless

parent

hideshow 4 child comments

[–] Samsy@lemmy.ml 3 points 8 months ago*

I configured restic once, forget about it and saved my files because it was making backups since forever.

parent

[–] zr0@lemmy.dbzer0.com 1 point 8 months ago (1 child)

Oh, never heard about it. A quick research showed me that restic is a very viable solution. Thanks for mentioning it, I added it to my comment.

While researching, I also came across a fancy WebUI, which is mostly what non-CLI users want: backrest

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] Ekpu@lemmy.world 1 point 8 months ago* (last edited 8 months ago)

I am using restic and backrest on my yunohost server and I really like it! It is really set up and forget for me. Only the uploads to backblaze b2 are still triggered manually. Also did a full recovery from the backblaze repo (downloaded locally) without problems.

Also just now heard about Zerobyte it is a backup solution based on restic and looks very good!

parent

[–] 7U5K3N@lemmy.dbzer0.com 2 points 8 months ago

Thanks just installed immich and I need a quality backup system.

I appreciate the link!

parent

[–] Nomad@infosec.pub 6 points 8 months ago

Kernel updates are usually held back and need to be selected manually. E.g. apt-get install linux-image-amd64.

I prefer rsync for private backups and employ bareos in my company for all servers.

parent

[–] cRazi_man@europe.pub 3 points 8 months ago* (last edited 8 months ago) (1 child)

I'm not the person you asked the question of. I'm a fellow novice homelaber.

I use Kopia to backup my data folders and Docker container data. Works really well. The project for this weekend is to set offsite backups to be uploaded to iDrive.

When I update I use this:

sudo apt update && \ sudo apt upgrade -y && \ sudo apt full-upgrade -y && \ flatpak update -y 2>/dev/null; \ sudo apt autoremove -y && \ sudo apt autoclean && \ sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=7d

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] ryannathans@aussie.zone 4 points 8 months ago

You can get rid of upgrade if you also use full-upgrade

parent

[–] pHr34kY@lemmy.world 13 points 8 months ago

As someone running a UPS on my ubuntu server, "uptime" represents the time since the last kernel release, and not much else.

parent

[+] de_lancre@lemmy.world 10 points 8 months ago* (last edited 1 month ago)

[deleted]

parent

[–] FlexibleToast@lemmy.world 8 points 8 months ago (1 child)

Yeah, people that brag about uptimes are just bragging about the fragility of their infrastructure. If designed correctly you should be able to patch and reboot infrastructure while application availability stays up.

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] Trainguyrom@reddthat.com 3 points 8 months ago

With an uptime of greater than 5 years I'm going to be concerned about the system potentially not coming back up after a reboot/power outage, especially for physical hardware

At a bank I worked at, we had an old IBM Power server which was at that point purely used for historical data. It had multiple years of uptime and was of course a good 10+ years old. When we went to take it offline, we actually just disabled the nic on the switch so we could reduce the number of powercycles it would see in fear that it would not power on anymore. Theoretically the data on it is purely historical, backed up and not needed, but there was enough question marks on each of those fronts we just played it safe

parent

[–] utopiah@lemmy.world 7 points 8 months ago (1 child)

power outrage

New fear unlocked.

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] Quadhammer@lemmy.world 2 points 8 months ago

The sun was angry that day, my friend...

parent

[–] Pika@sh.itjust.works 5 points 8 months ago (2 children)

I haven't had a kernel update on Debian that triggered the "you should restart" message in quite some time. I was under the understanding that most newer systems now use splicing at the kernel level to not require periodic reboots.

parent

hideshow 4 child comments

[–] CrazyLikeGollum@lemmy.world 5 points 8 months ago

I haven't seen it in a while either, but also, if there is a kernel update, uname -s always returns the old kernel until a reboot.

parent

[–] Nomad@infosec.pub 1 point 8 months ago

Check for the existence of the for containing packages that recommend a reboot. Debian does not do live patching like Ubuntu does. Not least because updates to firmware are usually not applied until reboot. Also even if that were the case, regular checks for healthy reboots make sense.

parent

[–] ranzispa@mander.xyz 3 points 8 months ago

HOT SWAP!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYRlTISvjww

parent

[–] underscores@lemmy.zip 3 points 8 months ago (1 child)

What do you use for backup restores ?

parent

hideshow 2 child comments

[–] Nomad@infosec.pub 0 points 8 months ago

The same tools.

parent