Progressives would need to down ballot vote for that to happen. Would also need to support and fund progressive candidates.

Progressives currently can't even do the bare minimum (actually voting), in large enough numbers to matter.

Technically you need 51 or 50 + VP tiebreaker unless a Republican filibusters then you need 60.

You can change senate rules if you have a comfortable majority but I'm pretty sure they can filibuster that, too, and it might backfire like removing the filibuster for SCOTUS and cabinet picks has.

Yes and, they also needed to break a filibuster by the Republicans, which took 60 votes in the Senate, despite severe illness and Republican shenanigans. It was a huge lift to get what we got.

Executive order deporting anyone in senate not voting for his agenda?

/s (but only for a few months, then headlines will explain how it's apparently a real option)