A few not yet mentioned:

• Well There's Your Problem - a podcast about engineering disasters
• Hard Fork - a weekly tech news show, with banter similar to what you could find on Reply All before that was ended
• The War on Cars - an urbanism-podcast
• The Urbanist Agenda - another urbanism-podcast, by the creator behind Not Just Bikes
• The Climate Denier's Playbook - a climate-podcast
• Hyperfixed - by one of the hosts of Reply All

And a vote for previously mentioned podcasts:

• 99% Invisible - a podcast about design, arguably my favourite
• Darknet Diaries - a podcast about cybersecurity