A highly evasive, custom malware loader that had completely bypassed the modern AV/EDR ecosystem. Its use of a legitimate signed binary, a Lua‑based orchestrator, and advanced anti‑detection techniques
This paper presents an empirical study of Lua's runtime performance and energy efficiency across 25 official interpreter versions and just-in-time (JIT) compilers. Using a comprehensive benchmark suite, we measure execution time and energy consumption to analyze Lua's evolution, the impact of JIT compilation, and comparisons with other languages. Results show that all LuaJIT compilers significantly outperform standard Lua interpreters.